EDIT: Initially, I retracted this post in an attempt to reduced pollution on the board but since it's been quoted I'm reposting it for context. I also want to make it explicitly clear that I'm not suggesting atheists cannot be "moral" but rather, that in terms of a strict atheistic worldview, it's not necessary to be "moral" since morality is a relativistic concept. Of course many, if not most, atheists ARE moral so I apologize if my post seems to indicate otherwise. Hopefully my second post on the following page will address this issue in more adequately. </END EDIT>
To me, the most ironic part about the whole atheist/theist, liberal/conservative debate is the fact that many atheists tend to be rather liberal in their thinking. If you don't believe in some kind of higher moral authority by which to judge right and wrong, good and evil, then I'm not sure of what relevance human rights or equal opportunity or universal health care have. The animal world is cruel and ruthless, the strong survive and the weak die and as an atheist you really shouldn't complain about it.
That said, as a conservative theist, one might believe that if a man does not work, then he should not eat. However, as an empathetic, moral creature that ascribes to some transcendent ethical code higher than animal law, you choose willingly to help those who can't help themselves. Indeed, many of the social welfare establishments in the western world are a product of the Christian church. Certainly the Church has been responsible for a lot of awful stuff (primarily prior to the Reformation) as well, but generally speaking, if it weren't for people who believed in some kind of eternal benefit to being "good" the world would be a much darker place. (EDIT: Again, this is not to suggest that non-Christians are not, or cannot, be "good" but rather, that beyond animal instinct and self preservation we have no bases as human beings to uphold "goodness" as being virtuous. It is just an arbitrary product of our time and place in history that we, for example, believe killing another human being without provocation is deemed morally wrong- it is either personal preference or simply a relativistic cultural phenomenon which may or may not be true 10, 100, 1000 years from now. </END EDIT>)
Of course there a lot of other issues surrounding the debate but I don't think it's fair to suggest that something like “young earth creationism” and intelligent design are one in the same. You can certainly believe that there is a causal agent behind our universe while still believing in evolution and it wouldn't be so taboo if we're for the liberal intelligentsia that dominates the education system, media and virtually every other opinion forming institution in the western world telling us otherwise. This debate has been going on for centuries and it's not going to end anytime soon, but at both ends of the spectrum you have individuals and organizations polarizing the issues who are often motivated by a preconceived religious world view. And yes, I believe some ardent atheists are just as religious as fundamental Christians in the sense that they adhere to strict belief system that shapes the way in which they live their lives. A theist might feel compelled to go to church on a Sunday, and an atheist might feel compelled to stay as far away from church as possible on a Sunday- neither position is predicated on science. Either both are religion or both are science. Science proves evolution is real, what science doesn't prove is that evolution somehow absolves human beings from having to consider the philosophical question of causality. It may very well be the case that there is no cause behind our universe, but I would argue that very few atheists actually live their lives as if that were true. To be a truly consistent atheist you absolutely cannot make the case for against, right or wrong, and yet you'd be hard pressed to find an atheist that would not be upset if you were to steal from him.
There's obviously a lot more that could be said, but I'm sure no one wants to read an essay by some nobody on an internet forum.
Personally I think the theist worldview, supplemented by a conservative, republican (both in the truest, idealized, non-partisan sense) system of values allows for the greatest freedoms, liberties and subsequent progress than any other form of governance. After all, how else do you explain the history of the Judeo-Christian western world? Either both America and her allies are among the most ruthless, vile, exploitive cultures to ever have existed throughout human history, or there is something objectively superior about our culture. It's completely politically incorrect to say something like that, but it is either one or the other- it cannot be both or neither. Whether or not we are headed for complete civilization collapse as result of complacency, entitlement and the decadence it leads to is another question entirely, but certainly every nation that has been touched by that grey, dingy, isle in the middle of North Sea called Great Britain within the past two centuries has benefited more than even their closest neighbours. Compare India with Pakistan, South Africa with the rest of the African continent, Australia and of course, North America with South East Asia or South America. Naturally there are exceptions and certainly the Anglo-Saxon, Protestant track record is not without blemish, but somehow or another, western culture is responsible for most of the technological and societal advancement of the 20th century. Trains, planes, medicine, etc- if these are objectively good things then there must something exceptional about the culture that was almost single handedly responsible for developing them. When a tsunami hits Indonesia, the very fact that we know about it and are able to send foreign aid is a product of capitalism and the incredible progress, prosperity and subsequent generousity it has produced. (EDIT: I intentionally used the word "culture" and not "people" when referring to the objective differences between the Western world and elsewhere. White people are not better, more capable or more deserving of the prosperity we have inherited than any other group of people. There is however, something different about the cultural atmosphere exclusive to the West that promotes such a great degree of freedom and prosperity. Either this prosperity has been gained through some extraordinary stroke of luck or it is the product of generation upon generation of a culture established upon self sacrifice in the name of hope for the future. There is nothing particularly special about the people themselves or what they look like, and indeed the cultural fabric of North America reflects this. You need only to look as far as our universities to see that the vast majority of kids entering medicine, engineering, and other professional degree programs are not white- but they certainly ARE American (or Canadian). An ethnically Indian family, is more likely to excel as citizens of the American republic than as members of the Caste system in India and, as is so often the case, the children of immigrant families are more driven, motivated and successful than their eithnically Western European counterparts. Meanwhile, it's the WASPy white children who are content to spend 4 years binge drinking and then graduate with a degree in "International Studies" or some other meaningless credential. </END EDIT>)
I know I will likely take some heat for this post but I hope it doesn't turn into an unnecessary screaming match- I know discussing these issues can stir up a lot of passion so let’s try to keep it civil.