It's Official: Will Bozarth Denounces Penguin Religion
- Thread starter Karmic
- Start date
Captain Beard
No longer active
- Sep 6, 2001
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Krigloch the Furious
Pants full of poo
Captain Beard
No longer active
- Sep 6, 2001
- 28,010
- 99
- 48
Captain Beard
No longer active
- Sep 6, 2001
- 28,010
- 99
- 48
A lie is a type of deception in the form of an untruthful statement with the intention to deceive, often with the further intention to maintain a secret or reputation, or to avoid punishment. To lie is to state something one knows is false with the intention that it be taken for the truth by someone else. A liar is a person who is lying, who has previously lied, or who tends by nature to lie repeatedly.
Lying is typically used to refer to deceptions in oral or written communication. Other forms of deception, such as disguises or forgeries, are generally not considered lies, though the underlying intent may be the same; however, even a true statement can be considered a lie if the person making that statement is doing so to deceive. In this situation, it is the intent of being untruthful rather than the truthfulness of the statement itself that is considered.
[edit] Classification
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Classification
o 1.1 Types of lies
o 1.2 Augustine's taxonomy of lies
* 2 Psychology of lying
* 3 Morality of lying
o 3.1 Lying in the Bible
* 4 Consequences of lying
* 5 Deception and lies in other species
* 6 Paradoxes about lying
* 7 Lie detection
* 8 Representations of lying
* 9 Covering up Lies
* 10 Evolution, game theory, and the lie
o 10.1 Deception by predators and prey
o 10.2 Game Theory of Evolution
o 10.3 Innate or reasoned behaviour?
o 10.4 So-called animal "cunning"
* 11 Famous fairy tales based on lying
* 12 See also
* 13 References
* 14 Sources
[edit] Types of lies
The various types of lies include the following:
Bold-faced lie
A bold-faced (or barefaced) lie is a lie told when it is obvious to all concerned that it is a lie. For example, the child with chocolate all over her face who denies having eaten the cake is a bold-faced liar. The adjective "bold-faced" indicates that no attempt has been made to hide the fact that it is a lie.
Lying by omission
Lying by omission is when an important fact is omitted, deliberately leaving another person with a misconception. This includes failures to correct pre-existing misconceptions. One may by careful speaking contrive to give correct but only partial answers to questions, thus never actually lying.
Lie-to-children
A lie-to-children is an expression, or more specifically a euphemism, that describes a lie told to make an adult subject, such as sex, acceptable to children. The most common example is "The stork brought you." or hiding honesty and truth e.g. I will tell you when you are a little bit older.
White lie
A white lie would cause no discord if it were uncovered and offers some benefit to the liar or the hearer, or both. As a concept, it is largely defined by local custom and cannot be clearly separated from regular lies with any authority. As such the term may have differing meanings in different cultures. Lies which are harmless but told for no reason are generally not called white lies.
Noble lie
A lie that would normally cause discord if it were uncovered, but that offers some benefit to the liar and perhaps assist in an orderly society and thus potentially gives some benefit to others also. A noble lie usually has the effect of helping maintain an elite's power.
Emergency lie
Emergency lie is a different kind of white lie, which is employed when the truth may not be told because, for example, harm to a third party would come of it. An example of such an emergency lie would be a neighbour lying to an enraged husband about the whereabouts of his unfaithful wife, because said husband might reasonably be expected to inflict physical violence should he encounter his wife in person.
Perjury
Perjury is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on a material matter under oath or affirmation in a court of law or in any of various sworn statements in writing. Perjury is a crime because the witness has sworn to tell the truth and, for the credibility of the court, witness testimony must be relied on as being truthful.
Bluffing
Bluffing is an act of deception that is not usually seen as immoral because it takes place in the context of a game where this kind of deception is consented to in advance by the players. For instance, a gambler who deceives other players into thinking he has different cards than he really does, or an athlete who indicates he will move left and then actually dodges right, are not considered to be lying. In these situations, deception is accepted as a tactic and even expected.
Misleading
Misleading is when a person tells a statement that isn't an outright lie, but still has the purpose of making someone believe in an untruth.
Dissembling
"Dissemble" is a polite term for lying, though some might consider it to refer to being merely misleading. It is most commonly considered to be a euphemism for lying.
Exaggeration
Exaggeration is when the most fundamental aspect(s) of a statement is true, but the degree to which it is true is not correct.
Jocose lies
Jocose lies are lies which are meant in jest and are usually understood as such by all present parties. Sarcasm can be one example of this. A more elaborate example can be seen in storytelling traditions which are present in some places, where the humour comes from the storyteller's insistence that he or she is telling the absolute truth despite all evidence to the contrary (ie. tall tale). There is debate about whether these are "real lies", with different philosophers holding different views (see below).
Lying is typically used to refer to deceptions in oral or written communication. Other forms of deception, such as disguises or forgeries, are generally not considered lies, though the underlying intent may be the same; however, even a true statement can be considered a lie if the person making that statement is doing so to deceive. In this situation, it is the intent of being untruthful rather than the truthfulness of the statement itself that is considered.
[edit] Classification
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Classification
o 1.1 Types of lies
o 1.2 Augustine's taxonomy of lies
* 2 Psychology of lying
* 3 Morality of lying
o 3.1 Lying in the Bible
* 4 Consequences of lying
* 5 Deception and lies in other species
* 6 Paradoxes about lying
* 7 Lie detection
* 8 Representations of lying
* 9 Covering up Lies
* 10 Evolution, game theory, and the lie
o 10.1 Deception by predators and prey
o 10.2 Game Theory of Evolution
o 10.3 Innate or reasoned behaviour?
o 10.4 So-called animal "cunning"
* 11 Famous fairy tales based on lying
* 12 See also
* 13 References
* 14 Sources
[edit] Types of lies
The various types of lies include the following:
Bold-faced lie
A bold-faced (or barefaced) lie is a lie told when it is obvious to all concerned that it is a lie. For example, the child with chocolate all over her face who denies having eaten the cake is a bold-faced liar. The adjective "bold-faced" indicates that no attempt has been made to hide the fact that it is a lie.
Lying by omission
Lying by omission is when an important fact is omitted, deliberately leaving another person with a misconception. This includes failures to correct pre-existing misconceptions. One may by careful speaking contrive to give correct but only partial answers to questions, thus never actually lying.
Lie-to-children
A lie-to-children is an expression, or more specifically a euphemism, that describes a lie told to make an adult subject, such as sex, acceptable to children. The most common example is "The stork brought you." or hiding honesty and truth e.g. I will tell you when you are a little bit older.
White lie
A white lie would cause no discord if it were uncovered and offers some benefit to the liar or the hearer, or both. As a concept, it is largely defined by local custom and cannot be clearly separated from regular lies with any authority. As such the term may have differing meanings in different cultures. Lies which are harmless but told for no reason are generally not called white lies.
Noble lie
A lie that would normally cause discord if it were uncovered, but that offers some benefit to the liar and perhaps assist in an orderly society and thus potentially gives some benefit to others also. A noble lie usually has the effect of helping maintain an elite's power.
Emergency lie
Emergency lie is a different kind of white lie, which is employed when the truth may not be told because, for example, harm to a third party would come of it. An example of such an emergency lie would be a neighbour lying to an enraged husband about the whereabouts of his unfaithful wife, because said husband might reasonably be expected to inflict physical violence should he encounter his wife in person.
Perjury
Perjury is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on a material matter under oath or affirmation in a court of law or in any of various sworn statements in writing. Perjury is a crime because the witness has sworn to tell the truth and, for the credibility of the court, witness testimony must be relied on as being truthful.
Bluffing
Bluffing is an act of deception that is not usually seen as immoral because it takes place in the context of a game where this kind of deception is consented to in advance by the players. For instance, a gambler who deceives other players into thinking he has different cards than he really does, or an athlete who indicates he will move left and then actually dodges right, are not considered to be lying. In these situations, deception is accepted as a tactic and even expected.
Misleading
Misleading is when a person tells a statement that isn't an outright lie, but still has the purpose of making someone believe in an untruth.
Dissembling
"Dissemble" is a polite term for lying, though some might consider it to refer to being merely misleading. It is most commonly considered to be a euphemism for lying.
Exaggeration
Exaggeration is when the most fundamental aspect(s) of a statement is true, but the degree to which it is true is not correct.
Jocose lies
Jocose lies are lies which are meant in jest and are usually understood as such by all present parties. Sarcasm can be one example of this. A more elaborate example can be seen in storytelling traditions which are present in some places, where the humour comes from the storyteller's insistence that he or she is telling the absolute truth despite all evidence to the contrary (ie. tall tale). There is debate about whether these are "real lies", with different philosophers holding different views (see below).
stefan86
invariably off-topic
Krigloch the Furious
Pants full of poo
we were moving an old dryer to the basement of my grandmas house so my aunt can use it while she stays there.
I saw blood on my hand and on the dryer and thought it must have been my uncles. looked around on my thumb and noticed a slice.
Set up the dryer and washed my hands, poured some hydrogen peroxide on the cut, put some neosporin and a bandaid on it.
Just goes to show you that knowing IS half the battle.
GI know!
edit: you probably hate yourself for reading all that.
I saw blood on my hand and on the dryer and thought it must have been my uncles. looked around on my thumb and noticed a slice.
Set up the dryer and washed my hands, poured some hydrogen peroxide on the cut, put some neosporin and a bandaid on it.
Just goes to show you that knowing IS half the battle.
GI know!
edit: you probably hate yourself for reading all that.
Kiss The Void
Captain Awesome
stefan86
invariably off-topic
Krigloch the Furious
Pants full of poo
Krigloch the Furious
Pants full of poo
stefan86
invariably off-topic
