How would a band that normally sell 10.000 copies suddenly get 1 million fans that all stream their tracks every day?
Hmm, good question. First let's compare apples to apples. If we're using $0.00029 from that graphic as the artist revenue (which is calculated as 15% of the label revenue), then we should also use the 15%-of-label-revenue figure for CDs, which, according to the graphic would be $0.30 per CD. That corresponds to $3000 in artist revenue for 10,000 CDs sold, not $15,000.
Second thing is that people don't listen to a CD for a month and then stop. They can listen to it for the rest of their lives at no additional charge. So let's see how many streams it takes to match that $3000. At $0.00029, that's about a million streams, and with 10,000 listeners, if we assume 10 tracks per CD, that's equivalent to listening to an album about 100 times over your lifetime.
That actually sounds pretty reasonable. In other words, if someone listens to an album on Spotify 100 times, the artist will get the same amount of money he would have gotten if they bought the CD and listened to it 100 times over their lifetime. There are probably a lot of CDs that people never listen to 100 times, so the artist "loses" money with Spotify in that case, but on the other hand, if some obsessed fan listens to an album 1000 times over their life, with a CD, the artist will never get more than that original $0.30, but with Spotify he'll get $3.00. Additionally, Spotify allows artists to get money from people who listen to a song or album occasionally but, in the absence of Spotify, wouldn't have cared enough to buy the CD. So surely 10,000 CD-listeners would translate into something more than 10,000 Spotify-listeners (though yeah, not anywhere near a million).
So the main difference between Spotify and CDs is that for CDs, artist/label revenue is more front-loaded, whereas with Spotify, revenue is much more spread-out over time. Admittedly, that makes it more difficult for an individual artist to pay this month's bills, but surely this regular, predictable income stream (contrasted with the completely unpredictable nature of hit-making) is one thing that makes Spotify very attractive to the corporations that run record labels.
Neil