By coincidence I was reading this new Bernard Lewis( th preeminent western scholar on the middle east) book From Babel to DRagomans- a collection of essays on the middle east. Anyway in one essay he writes of the threats againsts Rushdie. So i ll condense the salient points:
Mr Rushdie published a novel. The Ayatollah Khomeini, who knew no english an had apparently never read the novel, condemned it and issued a fatwa concerning its author. Issuing a fatwa is not, as is sometimes thought, the Muslim equivalent of the American term "putting out a contract." A fatwa is a juristic ruling, provding an answer to a question on a point of law. In this fatwa Khomeini ruled that it would be appropriate to kill Salman Rushdie, and indicated why and - to some extent- how.
Rushdie was accused of two offenses. One is insulting the prophet. When a muslim insults the prophet it is much more serious, because insulting the prophet is considered tantamount to aposatsy, and aposatasy- that is to say abandoning islam- is a capital crime under any interpretation. The offense, therefore, for which Salman Rushdie was sentenced t odeath was apostasy, being a renegade from Islam.
Crime, judgment, punishment- all these raise serious questions concerning the procedures of adjudication. Any accusation in Shari'a as in any system of law, there had to be an arraignment, a trial, confrontation between the accused and the accuser, judicial consideration, verdict and, if appropriate, sentence. No procedure preceded the death sentence on Rushdie. There is hadith, that is, a saying attributed to the prophet, accepted by Shi'ites, according to which the Prophet said: "If anyone insults me, then any Muslim who hears him must kill him immediately, without any need to refer to the iman or sultan (judicial or police authorities)" It says nothing about an arranged killing for a reported insult in an unread book in a far off place, and Khomeini clearly was making law rather than following it.
Iranian authorities decided that since Rushdie would not be extradiated to Iran, the only way to deal with his "crime" was to offer two rewards for Rushdies execution. Khomeini urged any self respecting Muslim to go to England and kill this man in order to avenge Islam, and by the way of reward he promised the delights of paradise for eternity if the assasin himself was killed. For fear lest this be insufficient inducement, a pious Islamic charitable foundation offered a reward of 3 million dollars for any Iranian to execute RUshdie, and 1 million for any non-Iranian.