But Trump doesn't have to do something dramatic like cancel the election in order to erode democracy. The relationship between democracy and autocracy is a spectrum, not a binary; for example, countries like Venezuela, Nicaragua, Turkey and Hungary still hold elections, but their leaders aren't held meaningfully accountable by them (or by other mechanisms like the courts). A more realistic concern is that the U.S. will slide into what political scientists call "competitive authoritarianism," in which democratic institutions still exist but they are regularly abused. Maybe the chief executive can't just abolish the other branches of government, the free press and other tools of accountability for fear of being seen as illegitimate, but he can find ways to weaken or circumvent them. And while the incumbent party still must face elections — and can even lose them — it makes every effort to tilt the electoral playing field in its favor.
In that vein, Susan Stokes, a University of Chicago political scientist who is writing a book on democratic erosion, is looking out for attacks on institutions that could potentially criticize Trump or rein him in. She pointed out that Trump has already sued media outlets like the Des Moines Register, which could scare the press into treating Trump with kid gloves. Aspiring autocrats in other countries have also made life difficult for universities. In India, the government has revoked the licenses of thousands of nongovernmental organizations. In Poland, the previous administration stacked the judiciary with loyalists, turning it effectively into a rubber stamp for the ruling party.
Trump could also retaliate against other politicians or government employees who don't agree with him. He has said he wants to purge the federal bureaucracy of civil servants who he believes oppose his agenda. Many observers also fear that Trump's Justice Department will prosecute his political opponents — not just Democrats, but also Republicans who are perceived as disloyal.
And at Trump's direction, Republican legislators could push laws that make it harder to vote in response to Trump's unfounded concerns about voter fraud.