Mankind wasn't without need for that nature of medical and psychological professonals, they were without recognition of their need. Mentally ill people still existed then, and probably in equal proportion to what we see today, but no one is aware of it because they weren't diagnosed. Part of this is explained by the lack of qualified professonals and adequate medical technology, but the remainder can be explained by the dominance of religion and superstition in society at that time. Consequently, rather than seeking medical help as people today might do, they would become estranged from society, exorcized to get rid of their personal demons, or burned as witches. Surely, the latter three are both reasonable and desirable alternatives to the diagnoses and possible treatments that today's mentally ill must endure
Actually, his argument and yours are very different. For starters, adultery and nukes don't hurt people in the same way. If my girlfriend cheats on me, there are two distinct psychological bases for my objection. The first of which, is the proximate explanation: "She has betrayed my trust." The deeper, ultimate explanation is that she has tainted my genetic assurance. However, neither cause any direct harm to my being and both of which are things that I will walk away from completely unharmed. In fact, one could even argue that she hasn't even done anything
to me, as I was not involved. Additionally, I can easily distance myself from the situation and start over with a new partner, possibly leaving her to continue as a single mother. In this case, she's far worse of than I am.
With regards to nukes, the act of possessing a nuke never has and never will have any effect on anyone, physical or emotional. However, the very moment you convert the word "nuke" from a noun to a verb, its effect becomes catastrophic. When it comes to a comparison between the two, adultery causes short term emotional strain for a small handful of people, while a nuclear warhead vaporizes thousands of people in a single instant. To be honest, I really see no comparison.
As for your argument that the punishment needs to be severe enough to discourage the action, I still fail to see how one would justify death as an appropriate punishment for adultery. Most people already experience a fair degree of guilt surrounding the issue, and in addition to that, there are already other biological consequences that may arise from an extra pair copulation, such as sexually transmitted diseases, losing your significant other, and of course, pregnancy. In fact, you may be surprised by the mountain of data indicating that women of every species specifically time their extra pair compulations to coincide with peak fertility. The reasons for this are to ensure that a woman can provide the best genetic resources for their offspring, because no woman has or will cheat with a man who she perceives to be of lesser quality than the one she is currently dating. Also, this phenomenon has been in practice since the dawn of organic sexual reproduction, which I can assure you far exceeds the history of religion.
Was this school called Tekkenpedia?
http://www.tekkenpedia.com/wiki/Devil_Gene