As much as societies debate, and because they can debate upon the standards that are wanted in the society, makes them non absolutest moral standards, which of course was not always the case and still isn't in some places. Many times those debates go "This book is God's word" therefore if this book says its immoral then it is. This obviously present in the gay/lesbian area. Or even the abortion arena.(I am using them as example and don't want to get into them). Moral standards tend to be dictated by those who are fundamental or religious, and that is where people like me and many others on this board have it in for religions. Morality to me seems like a restraint on your personal freedom to do as you please. My real question is other then for law enforcement reasons, why even have moral standards? Why not decree, that each person's morality should be interpreted by the cause and effect method. If your actions causes a negative that is needless, then it is bad, otherwise it is fine. And why do we follow moral standards anyways? Its because of the pack mentality. If you asked thousands of people if they could get away with a certain crime and never be found out for it, would they do it? I bet most would say yes if it was in the right context. The only thing that stops them is either the law (the alpha males in the pack's rule) or judgment by society, and subsequently becoming an outcast and having to fend for oneself. And this is where I see no difference. Sure we can create all these nifty sayings and complex what if? to test the boundries of moral standards, but ultimately we act as the mob acts and do what authority tells us to do, the same way , at least mammal, packs operate. A great example is what is going on with elephants in africa. No elder bulls to enforce so all the young bulls are killing and trying to mate with hippos. Without learning of morals to begin with, we are all just acting upon instincts. Being surrounded and supported by loved ones is something most mammals crave, and being outcasted is usually feared. I mean the idealogical belief that we are the rulers of the world has now almost created a world where animals are going extinct and the environment is slowly corroding away, and this was based of the same book that most moral standard have been based on.