These are the best descriptions I've come across of these genres of metal. The author is the venerable James Slone. Here are the genres in alphabetical order, with several of James' band recommendations. And to answer your question, I do consider Tool to be prog.
Glenn H.
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Avant-garde (art metal)
The term avant garde is generally applied to bands that try to achieve a higher level of artistry and creative exploration, usually by way of the fey and surreal. Whereas prog metal simply attempts more difficult arrangements, the avant garde throws out the rule book altogether and approaches composition with a fresh, or inventive outlook- complexity isn't an issue, but wild creativity is. Avant garde metal tends to be theatrical and melodramatic, attempting an infusion of art music, impressionistic and disjointed arrangements, and metal. Avant garde is not a genre, but a term that can be generally applied to any band of any genre pushing the boundaries and composing from a truly original direction.
Sigh (Japan)
Korova (Austria)
Oxiplegatz (Sweden)
Ved Buens Ende (Norway)
In the Woods (Norway)
Arcturus (Norway)
Domheimsgard
Fleurety (Norway)
Drawn (Norway)
Ulver (Norway)
Angizia (Austria)
Windham Hell (USA)
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Black Metal
Black metal's origins lie in eighties "satanic" thrash and early death metal experiments. More recently the genre has exploded in Scandinavia, particularly Norway, quickly spreading thereafter throughout the European continent. Norwegian black metal stresses exceedingly fast tempos, aural ambiance and atmosphere over all else. Riffs are played in tremolo, with drums focused on speedy blast beats. Early on the music was raw and stressed satanic lyrics and anti-Christian imagery over melody and overt musicianship. With time, the genre has become increasingly diluted with folk, new-age, ambient and darkwave influences. Keyboards are often employed to create warm atmosphere to compliment the cold, trebly guitar lines. Vocals are shrieked, but are often accompanied by chanting or soprano vocals.
Black Metal
Emperor (Norway)
Burzum (Norway)
Summoning (Austria)
Abigor (Austria)
Dark Throne (Norway)
Immortal (Norway)
Dimmu Borgir (Norway)
Satyricon (Norway)
Graveland (Poland)
Kvist (Norway)
Black/Death Metal
Dissection (Sweden)
Dawn (Sweden)
Naglfar (Sweden)
Myrkskog (Norway)
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Death Metal
Death metal started as a harsher, faster, and generally more intense version of thrash. Initially a fairly simply, downtuned, and raw thrash knockoff, it quickly evolved to include a higher level of complexity and instrumental prowess. Intensity is produced through strange chord progressions, exotic scales and erratic time changes. The vocals are almost exclusively growled, shrieked and screamed- the vocalist very much just another instrument in the mix. Double bass drums are almost a must, and snare beats erratic, chaotic, with frequent cymbal crashes. As the genre progresses, melody becomes increasingly integrated (through the use of clean vocals and melodic guitar lines), and death metal bands frequently dabble in neo-classicism, jazz fusion, medieval music, folk and symphonic endeavors.
Death Metal
Morbid Angel (USA)
Death (USA)
Atheist (USA)
Nile (USA)
Dismember (Sweden)
early Samael (Switzerland)
Kataklysm (Canada)
Vader (Poland)
Cryptopsy (Canada)
Carnage (Sweden)
Melodic Death metal
Dark Tranquility (Sweden)
In Flames (Sweden)
Opeth (Sweden)
Septic Flesh (Greece)
Misanthrope (France)
Love History (Czech Republic)
Cynic (USA)
Amorphis (Finland)
Arch Enemy (Sweden)
Bal Sagoth (Britain)
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Doom Metal
While most other metal genres stress pulverizing tempos and technical proficiency, doom metal stresses emotion - usually melancholy, depression and tragic irony. Doom metal sticks to the slower and mid tempos, with dirge-like (often downtuned) riffs and dark, somber melodic harmonies. Most doom metal makes use of death and black metal vocals, but clean male and female voices are often employed to enhance the sullen atmosphere and dark mood of the music. Classical instruments are often employed, usually string instruments and piano. Lyrics focus on themes of mourning, lost love, tragedy, and self-doubt - but are often life-affirming and thoughtful.
Black Sabbath (Britain)
Saint Vitus (US)
Elegion (Australia)
Cathedral (Britan)
Ras Algethi (Italy)
Dolorian (Finland)
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Doom Death Metal
Doom death is a simply fusion of traditional doom metal's slower tempos and morose atmosphere with death metal's (generally low tuned) heaviness and growled vocals. It tends to sound foreboding and apocalyptic, with monumental song lengths and funeral parlor solemnity. Classical instruments are often employed, usually limited to piano, woodwinds, and the violin family. Female vocals are quite common, often interspersed with low guttural growls. The sub-genre is fixated on bereavement, entropy, and despair.
early Paradise Lost (Britain)
My Dying Bride (Britain)
early Anathema (Britain)
Celestial Season (Holland)
Winter (USA)
Disembowelment (Australia)
Silent Stream of Godless Elegy (Czech Republic)
early Orphaned Land (Israel)
Sorrow (USA)
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Folk Metal
Any metal bands using folk or folk influences.
Empyrium (Germany)
Stille Volk (France)
Otyg (Norway)
Skyclad (Britain)
early Ulver (Norway)
Orphaned Land (Israel)
User Ne (Germany)
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Funeral Doom
A school of doom death based primarily in Scandinavia that stresses the music's dirge like quality. Tempos are universally grave and the overall music trance like in its repetition.
Skepticism (Finland)
Esoteric (Britain)
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Gothic Metal
Gothic metal is simply the combination of gothic music in all its forms (darkwave, goth rock, ethereal ambient, goth-industrial, etc.) and metal. The metal aspect of the music can be heavy, death, black, doom, or any other variety of metal. Gothic metal is solemn, symphonic, grandiose, theatrical and makes extensive use of rock beats and springy bass lines. Lyrical themes vary greatly, but mostly focus on gothic themes- tragedy, romanticism and macabre fog-and-gaslight mystery. Besides death and black metal vocals, gothic metal usually peppers itself with bewitching soprano vocals and male baritone deliveries.
Evereve (Germany)
Cradle of Filth (Britain)
Tristania (Norway)
Betray My Secrets (Germany)
Theatre of Tragedy (Norway)
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Grindcore
A genre derived of harsh underground punk and its cousin thrash, grindcore began as ultra-fast, raw, and aggressive version of underground punk. Drums focus on blast beats, and the guitars on tremolo picked power chords. Songs are relatively short, alternating between fast and kinetic blasts of energy and punk/hardcore grooves. The bass guitar is highly distorted and creates white noise and fuzzy ambiance, while the guitars blister ahead. Lyrics deal with political and social issues, but also deal with gore films or other scatological themes. Related to American and British death metal.
Napalm Death (Britain)
Brutal Truth (USA)
Exit-13 (USA)
Extreme Noise Terror (Britan)
Disrupt (USA)
Nasum (Sweden)
Disharmonic Orchestra (Austria)
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Industrial Metal
Industrial music has its roots in the seventies, primarily with the experiments of college educated artists and musicians. Even then the music was harsh, mixing heavily distorted instruments, programmed beats, with white noise and atmospheric ambiance. The music sought to create a sterile, unflinchingly cold and repetitious atmosphere not entirely like working in a heavy industrial center. Industrial metal combines the clock-work repetition and droning electronic quality of industrial with the heavy wall of sound found in extreme metal. The genre can be extremely harsh to the uninitiated, with sickening riffs repeated continuously over machine-like drum programming. Industrial Death Metal is industrial combined with brutal death metal and/or grindcore. Tends to be politically minded and particularly repetitious. Largely based in the United States.
Industrial Metal
Throbbing Gristle
Skinny Puppy
Kraftwerk
CCCC
Ministry
Industrial Death Metal
Dead World (USA)
Candiru (USA)
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Neoclassical Metal
Metal drawing the bulk of its inspiration from the classical era of concert music, with emphasis on the Baroque. Traditional scales are employed, as well as arpeggios. The music is largely centered on quick arpeggio runs up and down the guitar's fretboard, with less emphasis on rhythmic elements of the music. Neoclassical metal often makes use of classical instruments (violins, harpsichord, etc.). Neo-classical is less of a genre and more an adjective applied to any band (of any genre) making use of classical composition and playing styles.
Therion (Sweden)
Haggard- also folk metal (Germany)
Rhapsody/Luca Turelli (Italy)
Peccatum (Norway)
Lacrimosa- also Gothic metal (Germany)
Stratovarius (Finland)
Odes of Ecstasy (Greece)
Windham Hell (USA)
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Nu-metal
Largely a media term, nu-metal is a blanket term applied to the recent wave of rap influenced hard rock bands, largely based in the continental United States. Guitars are heavily distorted, many of the riffs are muted, and hip-hop influenced bass grooves and percussion fill the sound out. Songs tend to be repetitious, built around cleaner low key sections and psuedo-death metal stop-go staccato riffing. The songs are generally short, structured along conventional pop lines, with typical verse/chorus vocal arrangements. The vocalist tend to snarl or shout their lyrics, with many bands making direct use of rap. The hip hop groove and repetitive guitar lines are staples of the genre. Lyrics are usually aggressively angry and nihilistic, whether minimal or explosive.
Korn
Limp Bizit
Godsmack
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Power Metal
Power metal is essentially an updated, thrashier version of heavy metal. Generally (but not expressly) melodic, most power metal features virtuosity in the guitar leads and solos and clean, usually high-pitched singing. Power metal is upbeat, and stresses jaunty tempos. Rhymically simple, power metal emphasizes the vocal delivery and lead guitar. The rhythm guitar is defined by straight power chord progressions. Power metal tends towards the positive, seeking to empower the listener and inspire joy.
Helloween (Germany)
Blind Guardian (Germany)
Labyrinth (Italy)
Rhapsody (Italy)
Iced Earth (USA)
Kamelot (USA)
Jag Panzer (USA)
Nightwish (Finland)
Angra (Brazil)
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Progressive Metal
A form of metal that stresses melody and compositional sophistication over brutality and direct aural assaults. Often times employing time/key changes and radically varying tempos, with heavy emphasis on extended instrumental segments. Vocals are generally melodic, with lyrics often times touching on philosophical, spiritual and political themes. Instrumental virtuosity is a must. Prog metal is related to prog rock through the early works of Queensryche and Rush.
Dream Theater
Fates Warning
Symphony X
Dali's Dilemma
Opeth
Scholomance
Aghora
Death
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Technical Metal
Any metal that's exceedingly complex in all areas. A good technical metal band should be a constant torrent of sound and complexity. Rhythmic sophistication is a must, with odd times and frequent time/tempo changes a requirement, and polyrhythms a probable inclusion. Technical metal should also contain a fair amount of harmonic complexity, with intricate melodic layering and frequent counterpoint. Unlike prog metal, which demands some degree of complexity, technical metal should be continuously, ferociously complex; even in the lighter, more subtle sections of the music, the sound should be very developed and multi-faceted. Every aspect of technical metal is complex- every instrument, every arrangement, and every section. Technical metal is a river of sound, continuously shifting its course in unpredictable directions. The genre is largely influenced by jazz fusion and the avant garde, and stresses musicianship above all else. Technical metal can exist within any sub-genre.
Cynic (USA)
Spiral Architect (Norway)
Atheist (USA)
Watchtower
Fredric Thordenal's Special Defects (Sweden)
Spastik Ink (USA)
Martyr (Canada)
Theory in Practice (Sweden)
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Thrash
The forebearer of death and black metal, thrash brought a higher level of intensity into metal, primarily by combining the intensity and tempos of early hardcore punk with the rigidity and dexterity of heavy metal. Thrash made the tritonal chord a staple of metal and made intensity a key ingredient of most metal. Thrash compositions are often fairly complex, with time and tempo changes occurring frequently. Thrash de-emphasizes melody in favor of intense and driving rhythms, played with ample distortion. Vocals are either yelled, spat, or snarled, though they are sometimes melodic. Thrash is an angry, aggressive music, with lyrics centered on politics, social issues, religion (as ally and enemy) and occult themes. Double bass drumming was a thrash staple that carried on into other genres.
Metallica (USA)
Anthrax (USA)
Watchtower
Slayer (USA)
S.O.D. (USA)
Sanctuary (USA)
Kreator (Germany)
Nevermore (USA)
Celtic Frost (Switzerland)
C.O.C. (USA)
Messugah (Sweden)
Sepultura (Brazil/USA)
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Viking Metal
Any band making use of Scandinavian folk music, Old Norse mythology/history, or both. The viking theme can be used within any heavy metal sub-genre.
Enslaved (Norway)
later Bathory (Norway)
Einherjer (Norway)
Mithotyn (Sweden)
Falkenbach (Germany)