I just spent a fare amount of time researching this tone wood issue recently, when I was interested in archtops and also a bit for solid electrics... I have
not struck it word for word to memory... also remember solid bodies are a far cry from the refined tone characteristic of an archtop or acoustic.
On tone woods, Luthiers look at how an individual piece of wood transfers tone by literally taping on it, clunking it, to hear the ring of the wood. All the different woods have these characteristic differences, then you can compensate by how you mix the body wood to the neck to the fretboard according to the tone that is desired.
The articals from Luthiers stated that the fret board itself is at best the icing on the cake but the "soundboard" in the case of any hollow body we all know should be a single layer of solid spruce. That rosewood or mahogany sides and back are better than maple but the difference in expense and availability is night and day and that a well "tuned" maple side and back quitar can sound just fine but less warmth than "the dark woods". Same case is stated for neck woods, mahogany neck is warmer than a maple neck, BUT this can be compensated somewhat with use of rosewood fretboard for maple neck and ebony for mahogany neck.
HOWEVER Gibson, Gretsch, Guild, and other production builders of archtop guitars have been using laminated Spruce tops and laminated maple sides/backs for years on those popular and highly sought guitars...ES 175 for exapmle. Still the cream of the crop is supposed to be the hand built, hand picked tonewood combination of spruce and rosewood or mahogany, and are HUGE money.
So whys this IDJUT talking about Archtops when we are talking about solidbody electrics?..... because all that same tonewood stuff (excluding Spruce) applies to solid bodies as well but now with solid bodys "sustain", mass production, budget and PICKUPS enter the picture. As well as a few new tonewoods, Ash, Alder, Basswood, Koa, to name a few. Rosewood BODIES exit the picture with Mahogany bodies remaining, but due to availability and expense BASSWOOD is considered a great alternative with alder more bright and ash brighter yet (I think I have those two (alder/ash) right). Apparently for what ever reason Maple is not a desirable solid body, body wood, possibly due to its lower transfer of sound which would be a sustain issue - but still great for necks and ONCE AGAIN more available and less expensive than Mahogany.
Apparently from my reading the only woods suitable for fretboards, due to
hardness are Ebony, Maple, Rosewood and a few other members of the dark tropical woods that are sorta related to Rosewood. As read on the Warmoth page Meedly put up Maple needs to be finished to shield from moisture absorbtion which is not an issue with the suitable HARD dark tropical woods. Im sure most guys that come here have played their old guitars enough to have worn those little grooves into the fretboards. If these other "tonewoods" such as Mahogany, Ash, Alder, Koa were used on fretboards it would not take long to ware these grooves, Basswood
forgetaboutit you could do it in one gig.
There is some relevance to the fretboard due to that being the point... at the fret where you end that string vibration and sound, it transfers down through the fret, transfers through the fretboard, into the neck wood, down to the body at the tail piece. Body mass and headstock mass can affect this "tone" somewhat as well. We all should know that Yngwie ONLY plays the old LARGE CBS headstock Strat necks, because he feels that larger headstock has the perfect tone he desires.... and whos gonna argue with Yngwies Strat sound... used for Neo Classical shred no less...... how cool is that?
Then as we all have stated with electric solid bodys the electronics enter the picture as well as personal tone preference and the fingers/technique..... myself Ive been trying to find some after market replacement fingers........
TONE the Holy Grail of discriminating guitar players, and most of us are never totally happy, at least for long, that way we get to buy new toys............
How that for a book with no answers and no happy ending.........