i did a loooong essay on dogville a while back and i'm gonna post the intro 'cause it's totally relevant. and no i can't be bothered with tidying it up.
Is 'Dogville' a 'GOOD' film? If not, what makes a film good? (Include some reference to other films we have watched in your discussion.)
The evaluation of film, and indeed the arts in general from literature to sculpture, has been and continues to be a matter of fierce debate for everybody from philosophers down to the most casual of viewers. Even though all film-going experiences are filtered through an individual’s senses into an individual’s mind, with no objective perspective from which to posit a definition of such concepts as “goodness”, we nonetheless harbour a sense that certain opinions are more justified than others. This essay constitutes an attempt to pin down definitively what might constitute a “good film”, and by extension evaluate the qualitative value of Lars Von Trier’s Dogville.
The preliminary task, perhaps the ultimate task, is to illuminate what exactly we mean when we talk about good films. Wittgenstein felt that it is misleading to assume all words have external worldly counterparts - such an idea suggests that by boiling language down to its fundamentals we can understand the metaphysical nature of the world. This is not the case because language doesn’t have fundamentals, there tends not to be an underlying common property which ties together all specific cases of a general concept (PI 28-30). Using the example of games, he suggests that there is no attributes common to all games, but rather, a network of criss-crossing similarities. Those things we call games are akin to a family, resembling one another in some ways and not others, with no underlying common property tying them together. Language, then, is merely “a family of structures relating to one another” (PI 108), and so there are no necessary or sufficient conditions for what can be classed as a “good film”.
The implications with regard to the concept “good film” are pessimistic; it seems as though it will be difficult if not impossible to define what makes good films if there is no property common to all cases. But Wittgenstein suggests that this doesn’t matter because we don’t need such definitions - “good film” is at base a linguistic concept, a way of presenting reality as opposed to some externally existing thing represented by language - there is no naturally necessary definition, there are only conventions of usage (PI s30). We already know how the phrase is conventionally used, indeed an acknowledgment of this is implicit in any attempts to find ostensive definitions, and ultimately these conventions of usage are the only real “meaning” a word or phrase can have - to understand or clarify “good film” further we only need to observe the ways in which the term is used in the specific communicative context we are considering.
A useful place to start would be the filmworld - a word I’m adapting from Danto’s “artworld” which I mean as “an atmosphere of film theory”, or an established knowledge-base of film history (TA p571-584). Danto believed that our understanding of terms like “good art” are inexorably, relationally bound to the surrounding artworld, and presumably the same might apply to film. It certainly doesn’t seem debatable that common conceptions of quality are steeped in theoretical history. One helpful website (TSP) sources a wide array of “great film” lists from established critics past and present, and systematically forms a list of those films most highly acclaimed, a list topped by such movies as Citizen Kane, Vertigo, The Godfather and 2001: A Space Odyssey the likes of which can provide examples of what is universally meant by the phrase “good film”.
if you agree with this idea then the question 'what constitutes great music?' isn't implying that the essence of greatness is out there in some platonic sense waiting to be found, but rather it's another way of asking 'how does the word greatness function in human communication in this context'. we're moving away from notions of 'objectivity' because they're nonsensical, we're now talking about linguistic usage. this is the only way of discussing or communicating about 'greatness' as far as i can tell, which renders a lot of posts in this thread confused to say the least.