Activities are easier for me to do, because I actually do have pretty specialised listening habits based on what I'm doing:
Tired/sleeping: Soft Machine or Grateful Dead - I listen to one of these two bands almost every night
Doing homework: Infected Mushroom, or pretty much any mellow trance artist
Jogging: Speed metal, or any classic/stoner metal with a decent tempo (i.e. Motorhead, Iron Maiden, Orange Goblin, Wolfmother)
For moods, it's a lot harder to give examples, but here's my best shot:
Happy: varies too widely to say, but this is definitely my most metal mood - I'll listen to nearly any genre as long as it's not emo-ish or slow in tempo
Bored: Electric Wizard at the moment - the murky, trippy abrasiveness is very satisfying in this mood
Relaxed: Grateful Dead, Ten Years After - other hippie rock
Depressed: usually not metal - probably something like Steely Dan or the Doobie Brothers - though if any metal band it would be Sunn O)))
Reflective: Opeth
Sentimental: Bathory