Jesus' existence isn't 100% proven, but analysis of the gospels shows that some parts are almost identical, which suggests that they came from one source (known by people as Q, who could've been Yeshua of Nazareth), so it's unlikely that people just made up this guy, but it's also not completely proven that he was real. Also, Yeshua wasn't exactly an uncommon name.
Anyways, on the original topic:
There obviously wasn't an internet back then, so unless something was written down, it wasn't recorded. I don't see how it would be impossible for news of Confucius' teachings to reach Israel, since there were trade routes that hit both places. It's definitely possible that one merchant said something about Confucianism to one merchant who said something to another who said something to another until it hit Israel. By the way, this had about two centuries to happen. Unless the parallels are glaring, one can only go on subtleties, which are more likely given the distance.
I'm not trying to invalidate Jesus' teachings by playing the whole "oh lol he copied them" card. I'm just suggesting the possibility that bits of Confucian thought may have sparked his ideas of reform.
I also think that the concept of the holy trinity could be modeled after the trimurti. For one thing, the trimurti predates it, secondly, trinity and trimurti are the same word in different languages, and it kind of makes sense when you line it up: Bhraman (the creator) = God (the father), Śiva (the destroyer/changer) = Jesus (the son, who did change things), Vishnu (the maintainer) = the holy spirit.