phlogiston said:
How do they work Sydo? I thought it was the Reserve bank as well, but looking after the Australian economy in relation to the world economy.
Ok.. Calculating the interest rate is very easy, it's just a simply comparison between supply and demand of 'money'. The rest of it is confusing and it becomes hard to determine what is causing what..
The supply of money is the sum of currency plus deposits. The RBA targets the cash rate. When the actual cash rate rises above the target cash rate, the RBA injects cash into the system by buying government securities. The actual cash rate falls and the reserves of the banks rise. These excess reserves are loaned to the public and the money supply increases. By 'creating' more money, the RBA effectively reduces interest rates; this is where they gain their control.
The quantity of nominal money demanded us proportional to the price level, and the quantity of real money demanded depends on the interest rate and real GDP.
The interest rate has an effect on almost all aspects of the economy. GDP, CPI and inflation, FX rates, cost of living, superannuation planning, the BIRTH RATE and LIFE EXPECTANCY (althought the last two are hard to quantify in the short term). These all affect each other too. For example; GDP and interest rate directly affect the exchange rate. Growth and interest rates determine inflation.
In summary, it's a big circle.
Yes, large international factors are involved in the determination of the exchange rate the exchange rate depends on the GDP and interest rates of other countries but good policy can minimise these effects. Australia should have gone broke in the mid 90s when the Asian stock market crashed. Again we should have been badly hurt when the American market was hit in 2001. In relation to Japan, China and America our economy is tiny and insignificant.
The worst thing that could happen right now is for interest rates to rise, because for most people their home is their only source of equity. People are relying on their houses to fund retirement and right now, a large interest rate hike would cause house prices to fall.
Now I know the labor party knows a lot more about economics than I do, theyre not arrogant towards the subject (although slightly Marxist). My problem is that I always feel they tend to ignore, or at least push it aside, for the simply sake of gaining power. I guess thats understandable because a politicians job is to get elected.