Some Chicago (area) bands that you may know: Novembers Doom, Nachtmystium, Judas Iscariot, Pelican, Clad in Darkness, Twelfth Gate, Lair of the Minotaur, Macabre, Ministry, Gorgasm. Many others. There's definitely quite a range of styles there, and Macabre, Ministry, and Judas Iscariot were rather influential. Metal Archives shows 209 metal bands from Chicago. I definitely haven't heard that many of these, but there are some good ones, and likely many good ones that I haven't heard yet. I'm not 21 yet, so I haven't been able to see that many local bands, and many of them do not have readily available albums. The popular bands above started as local bands and moved up, and surely some of the current underground bands will make a name for themselves.
I know NY is known for their style of death metal, but I don't think I listen to any NY bands.