Get a combo of a condenser microphone and a pre-amp with phantom power (+48V) who will be powering the condenser microphone, it's much better than getting a dynamic microphone for recording, but you will need the dynamic mic for concerts because the condenser is only better due it's sensitivity, which makes it fragile and emo. Wandering Taco bought something pretty good recently for around 100 dollars as I recall, but I think you can just go into a music store and ask for the combo + a stand, pop up blocker and shock mount if you want more ergonomics and better recordings due to less vibration.
Right now I have a Shure Beta 58A dynamic microphone which you can get for 100 euros nowadays (Opeth use it at the Lamentations Concert), a stand that cost me around 20 euros, a pop u blocker for around 25 euros, and a Behringer Tube Ultragain Mic 200 microphone pre-amp with additional phantom power which at the time cost me around 50 euros on sales, a Planet Waves XLR cable for the microphone that cost me 30 euros I think..
Then how you will be connecting the pre-amp to the soundcard depends on the type of soundcard.
I have an excellent HUGE soundcard but it's only good for HIFI listening, not recording, it doesn't have it's own processor either. So get an external soundcard for recording, if you have teh money get something from Digidesign or SSL (Solid State Logic) and you will also get excellent music recording and editing software with it.